CIV 311/HIST 301: OUTLINES FOR GREEK HISTORY

By popular demand, I'm putting some of my lecture outlines up for you to refer to. I can't do this for all of them, at least not right away, because I'm a dinosaur and a fair portion of my notes are in non-electronic form.

You can use these outlines as a reminder of what we've been over, as a (partial) guide to what's important, as a quick reference for names and terminology, and as a way of identifying topics that you need to read more about and/or ask me about.

Needless to say, not everything we've discussed and read about is listed here. These outlines vary in the amount of detail they give, and are in no way intended to be a lists of all the things you will be responsible for at test time.

Nevertheless, if you DO know all the things on these outlines and why they are significant, you should be in pretty good shape.

Outlines for later parts of the course pertain to last year's (or earlier) version of the course. I'll be updating them and adding to them as we go on to make them reflect what we do in class.  STAY TUNED!


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MYCENAEAN CIVILIZATION

I. Myth and History: The Trojan War

Heinrich Schliemann

Troy

Mycenae: King Agamemnon

 II. Isolationism vs. Diffusionism

III. The Coming of the Greeks

Pre-Greek substrate: TiryNS; ParnaSSos

Indo-European language family

 IV. Mycenae: Shaft-Grave period Minoan craftsmen on mainland

Amber and Gold from the North

 V. Mature Mycenaean civilization Palace complexes

Megaron

Tholos Tombs

Cyclopean Masonry

Linear B

Redistributive economy

State structure: Officials

Wanax (Ekhelawos(?)); Lawagetas; Qasileus Social structure and religion

Inter-state relations and trade

 VI. Other Palace Centers Tiryns, Medeia, Pylos, Athens, Thebes, Iolcus VIII. Late Bronze Age Chronology ("Late Helladic") all dates very approx. L(ate) H(elladic) I 1680 - 1600 Early: Shaft Graves

Late: Early Tholos Tombs in Messenia

 LH IIA 1600 - 1500 Proto-Palaces: Menelaion

Linear B (?)

Mature Tholos Tombs

 LH IIB 1500 - 1400

LH IIIA1 1400 - 1370

Fully Developed Palace complexes

Localized earthquake destruction & rebuilding

 LH IIIA2 1370 - 1300

LH IIIB 1300 - 1180

Large-scale fortification

End: Destruction of Palaces

 LH IIIC 1180 - 1065 Limited rebuilding; decline

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END OF THE BRONZE AGE & EARLY IRON AGE

I. Fall of the Mycenaean Palaces

A. Reasons: 1. External Invasions? a. Dorians

b. Sea Peoples

 2. Other Reasons? a. Earthquakes?

b. Drought?

c. Systems Collapse?

 B. Effects: 1. Decentralization & Isolation

2. Loss of Literacy

3. Survival

a. Qa-si-re-u (Qasileus) > Basileus ("king")

b. Sites: Lefkandi, Nichoria

c. Oral traditions

 II. Post-Mycenaean Migrations A. Cyprus

B. Anatolia

C. The Dorian Invasion/return of the Herakleidai

D. Greek dialect groups:

Attic-Ionic

Dorian

North-West Greek

Aeolic

Arcado-Cypriot

 III. "Dark Age"/Iron Age/Geometric Period A. Geometric pottery

B. Introduction of iron



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LATE GEOMETRIC & EARLY ARCHAIC

I. The Late Geometric Renaissance (800 - 700)

A. Economic recovery

B. Eastern Contacts

Phoenicians

Al Mina (Syria)

 C. Growth of population

D. Colonies and Colonizers

Chalkis and Eretria: Cumae (775); Sicily (735); Corcyra (734)

Corinth: Syracuse (734); Corcyra (733)

Megara & Miletus (Black Sea)

 E. Pan-Hellenism & Olympic Games (776)

F. The Alphabet and Literacy

Homer and Hesiod (ca 725?) II. The Archaic Period: History begins A. Political structure Synoikismos

The Polis ("city-state")

Oligarchy

 B. Hoplite Warfare & the "Hoplite Revolution"

C. Upheaval and Tyranny

 III. The Leading Cities A. The Euboeans; Chalkis and Eretria Lelantine War (730-680 ?) B. Corinth The Bacchiads

Kypselos & Periander

 C. Megara Theagenes D. Argos (Pheidon)

E. Sparta

F. Athens



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EARLY SPARTA

I. The Land:

Lakonia (Laconia)

Lakedaimon (Lacedaemon)

Eurotas River

Gytheion

 II. The People The Dorians

True Spartans/Spartiates

Dorian Invasion/Return of the Herakleidai

Helots

Perioikoi

 III. The Messenian Wars Tyrtaeus

Aristomenes

 IV. The Reforms of Lycurgus (Lykourgos) The Agoge

The Status of Women

 V. Government: Great Rhetra

Dual Kingship

Ephors

Gerousia

Assembly
 
 



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EARLY ATHENS

I. The Land

Attica: Marathon

Thriasian Plain

Eleusis (Demeter Sanctuary)

Mesogaion

Laurion (Silver)

 Ports & Islands: Phaleron

Piraeus

Salamis

 Other Demes: Acharnae

Dekeleia

Oropos (Shrine of Amphiaraos)

 Neighbors: Boiotia, Megara, Aegina II. Legendary Beginnings: Pelasgian & Ionians

Kings (Kekrops, Erichthonius, Erechtheus)

Contest between Athena and Poseidon

Eumolpos and Eleusis

Theseus and Synoikismos

 III. Geometric Athens Synoikismos

Drought (?)

 IV. Early Political Unrest The Rulers: Eupatridai ("Sons of Good Fathers")

Archons {Basileus ("King"), Polemarch ("War Leader"), Eponymous, Thesmothetai}

Council of the Areopagus

 Regional differences

Kylon, ca. 630 B.C.

Alkmaionidai

Drakon (Draco)

 V. Solon's Reforms A. Solon's Background

B. Hectemorioi

C. Seisachtheia

D. Timocracy

Pentekosiomedimnoi (500-"bushel"-men) all offices and powers Hippeis (Horsemen, worth 300 "bushels") all but Treasurer of Athena Zeugitai (Yokemen, worth 200) all magistracies short of the Archonship Thetes (Laborers, less than 200) could sit in assembly/Heliaia E. Council of 400

F. Heliaia



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TYRANNY & DEMOCRACY IN ATHENS

I. Archaic Athens Concluded

A. Peisistratos Over-the-hill leader

Alliance with Megacles of the Alkmaionidai

Control of Archonship

Centralization

Building Program

Panathenaia

Heroes: Herakles and Theseus

 B. Hippias and Hipparchus Harmodios and Aristogeiton: the Tyrannicides

King Cleomenes and the Spartans

 C. Cleisthenes Delphic subornation

Struggle with Isagoras

Taking the people into his faction:

New powers to the assembly

Tribes (Phylai) Demes and Trittyes

Ostracism

The return of Cleomenes



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BUILD-UP to the PERSIAN WARS

I. Greece and her neighbors at the end of the Archaic period

A. Non-Greeks in Anatolia Hittites (Bronze Age) Lydia

Sardis

Gyges and the Mermnad Line

Croesus

 Medes and Persians Cyrus

Cambyses

Darius

Satrap/Satrapy

 B. Ionia under Lydian/Persian rule Philosopy: Thales

Anaximander

Heraclitus

Hecataeus

 Herodotus of Halicarnassus II. Greece at the Turn of the Century: Sparta & Athens

Corinth, Megara, Aegina

Ionian/Anatolian cities

Hellespont & Black Sea

Greek Military practices and capabilities

 III. Persia under Darius Scythian Expedition (514)

The Hister (Danube) Bridge incident

 III. Ionian Revolt (499 - 494) Motivation: Economic, Political or Personal?

Histiaeus of Miletus

Aristagoras of Miletus

Athens and Eretria

Sack of Sardis

Sack of Miletus



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THE PERSIAN INVASIONS:

I. The first Persian Invasions (492-490)

Earth and Water

Mardonius' expedition (492)

Datis & Artaphernes (491/490)

Sack of Eretria

Hippias

Miltiades, Tyrant of the Chersonese

 Battle of Marathon (490) Athens' allies: Plataea and (?)Sparta

Callimachus the Polemarch

Choris Hippeis (the Horses are away!)

 II. After Marathon Xerxes

Themistocles

Archons and Strategoi

Laureion Silver

Triremes

 III. The Second Persian Invasion Medizing

Themistocles and the Defensive Coalition

Thermopylae

Leonidas and his 300 Spartans

The Destruction of Athens

Battles of Salamis and Plataea

 IV. Aftermath of Persian Invasions: Myth of Spartan Invincibility

New Respect for Athens

Athenian Navy and Democracy

Pausanias and Spartan abdication of Leadership

The Delian League and the Peloponnesian League
 
 



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BETWEEN THE PERSIAN AND PELOPONNESIAN WARS:

I. The Pentekontaetia (the "Fifty Years" 480-431)

A. Athens and the Delian League Themistocles and Aristeides

Kimon and Themistocles

Ostracism and of Themistocles (472?)

Battle of the Eurymedon (469? 464?)

"Revolts" of Naxos (470) and Thasos (466)

 B. Athens and Sparta Spartan Isolation and Complicity

Earthquake in Sparta (464) & Helot rebellion

 C. Internal Athenian Affairs The Reforms of Ephialtes, and his murder (462).

Ostracism of Kimon (461)

Perikles

 D. Post-Kimon: Athens Imperious Peace of Kallias (464?? 449??)

Egyptian Revolt (460-454)

War with Aegina (459-457)

Scrape with Corinth over Megara

Scrape with Sparta

Battles of Tanagra & Oenophyta (457)

Intimations of Hegemony

 E. Athens Entrenching Failure of the Egyptian Adventure

Allies in Revolt

Removal of the Delian League treasury to Athens (454)

Tribute lists

Five-year Peace with Sparta (451)
 
 



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THE AGE OF PERICLES

I. External Policies

Long Walls to Piraeus

Revolts of Euboea and Boeotia

Invasion of King Pleistoanax

The Thirty-Years Peace (445)

 II. Internal Policies of Pericles: Thucydides, Son of Melesias (ostracised 443)

Citizenship law

Jury pay

Theater subsidy

Building program (see below)

 III. Pericles and the Intelligensia Aspasia

Aeschylus, Sophocles, Anaxagoras, Socrates, Herodotus

 IV. Pericles' Building Program: The Artists: Iktinos, Kallikrates, Mnesikles, Pheidias

Acropolis:

A. Temple of Athena Parthenos ("Parthenon"): 447-433

B. Propylaia (Begun 437)

C. Temple of Athena Nike (Begun 420's)

D. Erechtheion (Begun 420's)

 Elsewhere: A. Hephaesteion (440's)

B. Temple of Poseidon Sounios (420's)



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ARCHAIC & CLASSICAL GREEK ART

I. Vase Painting

A. Athenian Black Figure (flourished ca. 600 - 500 1. The Francois Vase (Kleitias, ca. 570)

2. The Amasis Painter (ca 550)

3. Exekias (ca 530)

 B. Athenian Red Figure (flourished ca 530 - 350) 1. Andokides Painter (ca. 520)

2. Euphronios (ca 500)

3. Athenian White Ground (flourished ca 470 - 400)

 II. Sculpture A. Archaic sculpture kouros and kore

the archaic smile

 B. Classical Sculpture Kritios Boy (ca. 480)

Bronzes:

Charioteer of Delphi (ca. 475)

"Zeus" of Artemision (ca. 475)

Myron: Discobolos (ca. 450)

Polykleitos of Argos (ca. 440)

Doryphoros

Diadoumenos



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THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR

I. The outbreak of the Peloponnesian War

A. Corcyra and Epidamnos

B. Poteideia

C. Megarian Decree

 II. The Archidamian War King Archidamos

Sthenelaidas the Ephor

Periclesí defensive strategy

The Plague

 III. Post-Periclean conduct of the war Cleon

Revolt of Mytilene (428)

Pylos and Sphacteria (425)

Nicias



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THE PEACE OF NICIAS and the SICILIAN EXPEDITION

I. Pylos & Kleon, Brasidas & Amphipolis

II. The Peace of Nikias

III. Alcibiades Ascendent

Argos and the battle of Mantineia (418)

The Melos incident (416)

 IV. The Sicilian Expedition (415) Egesta, Leontinoi and Syracuse

Nikias, Alcibiades and Lamachos

The Hermokopeia (Mutilation of the Herms)

Hermokrates & Gylippos



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THE DECELEIAN WAR (413-404)

I. The Consequences of the Sicilian Expedition:

413-Expedition smashed by land and by sea. Nikias & Lamachus and Demosthenes all killed

Ships destroyed

Humiliating defeat for Athens

Spartans resume invasions of Attica

Occupy Dekeleia

Allies Revolt

Probouloi Elected (Preliminary Councilors)

 412: Persians back on the scene: Tissiphernes;

Treaty of Miletus

Alcibiades out of Sparta.

Trouble in Samos,Chios, Erythrae, Clazomenae, Miletus, Mytile, Cyme Phocaea

Lysander: Peloponnesian fleet bankrolled by Persia

(411) Athenian Fleet at Samos: Alcibiades Hedging bets

Probouloi pass 5% import/export tax instead of tribute

 411: The Oligarchy of the 400 Peisander

Moderate (Theramenes)/Extreme (Antiphon)

Theramenes & the 5000

Alcibiades recalled

 410: Battle of Cyzicus

408: Byzantium

407: Cyrus, brother of Artaxerxes, arrives to unify Persian policy

407/6: Notium

Exile and death of Alcibiades



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EARLY FOURTH CENTURY

I. The Persian Problem

King Agesilaos of Sparta II. The Mercenary Problem Xenophon

The Battle of Cunaxa

Growth of Professionalism

 III. The Spartan Problem Harmosts

The Corinthian War

 IV. The Kingís Peace (387)

V. The Theban Hegemony

Epameinondas

Pelopidas and the Sacred Band

The Battle of Leuktra (371)

Foundations of Messene and Megalopolis

The Battle of Mantineia (362)

 VI. The Second Athenian Sea League

VIII. A New 800-pound Gorilla on the Block: Macedon

Aegae and Pella

Philip II.
 
 



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